Self-Regulated Learning and Psychological Resilience among University Students in Kazakhstan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Keywords:
self-regulated learning; psychological resilience; university students; higher education; KazakhstanAbstract
Self-regulated learning (SRL) and psychological resilience are important resources for students’ academic adaptation, yet their relationship remains insufficiently examined in Central Asian higher education contexts. This study investigated the association between SRL and resilience among undergraduates in Kazakhstan and tested whether these constructs differed by gender, year of study, and parental education. A quantitative cross-sectional survey involved 177 students aged 18–22 years at L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University; complete sociodemographic data were available for 173 participants. S RL was assessed using the full 41-item Self-Regulated Learning Perception Scale (SRLPS) (Turan et al., 2009), while psychological resilience was measured using the six-item Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) (Smith et al., 2008). Analyses included reliability testing, descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical regression. No meaningful differences in SRL or resilience were found by gender, year of study, or parental education. SRL was moderately and positively associated with resilience (r = .522, p < .001). In hierarchical regression, SRL explained additional variance beyond sociodemographic variables (ΔR² = .23, β = .49, p < .001). The findings suggest that SRL and resilience are related but distinct adaptation resources.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.25.9.22
References
Ağırkan, M., & Kağan, M. (2017). Üniversite ö?rencilerinin de?er yönelimleri ile psikolojik dayan?kl?l?k düzeyleri aras?ndaki ili?ki [The relationship between university students’ value orientations and psychological resilience levels]. Erzincan Üniversitesi E?itim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(3), 225–245. https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/17263
Atarbay, S. (2017). Farkl? bölümlerde ö?renim gören üniversite ö?rencilerinin sosyal kayg? düzeylerinin psikolojik dayan?kl?l?klar?na etkisi [The effect of social anxiety levels of university students studying in different departments on their psychological resilience] [Unpublished master’s thesis]. ?stanbul Üniversitesi, E?itim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. https://platform.almanhal.com/Details/Thesis/2000229853?ID=4-2000229853
Ayd?n, E. (2018). Çocukluk ça?? travmatik ya?ant?lar?n?n psikolojik sa?laml?k ve depresyon belirtileri üzerine etkisi [The effect of childhood traumatic experiences on psychological resilience and depressive symptoms] [Master’s thesis, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vak?f Üniversitesi]. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. http://acikerisim.fsm.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11352/2687
Bekker, M. H. J., & Boselie, K. A. H. M. (2002). Gender and stress: Is gender role stress? A re-examination of the relationship between feminine gender role stress and eating disorders. Stress and Health, 18(3), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.933
Bindal, G. (2018). Ergenlerin psikolojik sa?laml???n?n (resilience), çocukluk ça??ndaki travma ve ba?lanma stilleri ile ili?kisinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between adolescents’ psychological resilience, childhood trauma, and attachment styles]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216754371
Büyüköztürk, ?., Akgün, Ö. E., Demirel, F., Karadeniz, ?., & Çakmak, E. K. (2015). Bilimsel ara?t?rma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Pegem Akademi. https://depo.pegem.net/9789944919289.pdf
Carver, C. S. (1998). Resilience and thriving: Issues, models, and linkages. Journal of Social Issues, 54(2), 245–266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01217.x
Çilta?, A. (2011). E?itimde öz-düzenleme ö?retiminin önemi üzerine bir çal??ma [A study on the importance of self-regulation instruction in education]. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(5), 1–11.
de la Fuente, J., Amate, J., González-Torres, M. C., Artuch, R., García-Torrecillas, J. M., & Fadda, S. (2020). Effects of levels of self-regulation and regulatory teaching on strategies for coping with academic stress in undergraduate students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 22. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00022
Demircan, Y. (2014). 5. s?n?f ö?rencilerinin s?n?f içi etkinlik ve akademik ba?ar? düzeylerine göre öz-düzenleme stratejileri ve motivasyonel inançlar?n?n incelenmesi [Examining fifth-grade students’ self-regulation strategies and motivational beliefs according to classroom activity and academic achievement levels] [Unpublished master’s thesis]. E?itim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. https://acikerisim.mersin.edu.tr/yayin/161129
Gizir, C. (2007). Psikolojik sa?laml?k, risk faktörleri ve koruyucu faktörler üzerine bir derleme çal??mas? [A review study on psychological resilience, risk factors, and protective factors]. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 3(28), 113–128.
Güngörmü?, K., Okanl?, A., & Kocabeyo?lu, T. (2015). Hem?irelik ö?rencilerinin psikolojik dayan?kl?l?klar? ve etkileyen faktörler [Psychological resilience of nursing students and influencing factors]. Psikiyatri Hem?ireli?i Dergisi, 6(1), 9–14.
Imhof, M., Worthington, D., Burger, J., & Bellhäuser, H. (2024). Resilience and self-regulated learning as predictors of student competence gain in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a binational sample. Frontiers in Education, 9, Article 1293736. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1293736
Kara?rmak, Ö. (2007). Investigation of personal qualities contributing to psychological resilience among earthquake survivors: A model testing study [Doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University]. METU Open. https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/17263
Lüftenegger, M., Schober, B., van de Schoot, R., Wagner, P., Finsterwald, M., & Spiel, C. (2012). Lifelong learning as a goal: Do autonomy and self-regulation in school result in well prepared pupils? Learning and Instruction, 22(1), 27–36.
Pedditzi, M. L. (2024). School satisfaction and self-efficacy in adolescents and intention to drop out of school. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(1), Article 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21010111
Pedditzi, M. L., & Marcello, P. (2018). School social context, students’ self-efficacy and satisfaction in high school. The Open Psychology Journal, 11(1), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874350101811010249
Pedditzi, M. L., & Scalas, L. F. (2024). Psychological well-being and self-efficacy for self-regulated learning. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(8), Article 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081037
Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 33–40.
Pintrich, P. R., & Zusho, A. (2002). The development of academic self-regulation: The role of cognitive and motivational factors. In A. Wigfield & J. Eccles (Eds.), Development of achievement motivation (pp. 249–284). Elsevier. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780127500539500127
Saka, A. (2017). Farkl? aile yap?s?na sahip ergenlerin öz-yeterlilik ve psikolojik dayan?kl?l?k düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Examining the self-efficacy and psychological resilience levels of adolescents with different family structures] [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Karabük Üniversitesi. https://platform.almanhal.com/Details/Thesis/2000132408?ID=4-2000132408
Simón-Grábalos, D., Fonseca, D., Aláez, M., Romero-Yesa, S., & Fresneda-Portillo, C. (2025). Systematic review of the literature on interventions to improve self-regulation of learning in first-year university students. Education Sciences, 15(3), Article 372. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15030372
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
Söner, O., Gökcül, R., Gültekin, F., Y?ld?z, ?., Özmen, R., & Kara, M. (2024). Kendi kendine ö?renme ustal???: Özel yetenekli ö?rencilerin duygusal ve psikolojik iyi olu?unu iyile?tiren yol [Self-learning mastery: A pathway improving the emotional and psychological well-being of gifted students]. Sosyal Sa?l?k Dergisi, 4(1), 63–81.
Ta???n, E., & Çetin, Ç. F. (2006). Ergenlerde major depresyon: Risk etkenleri, koruyucu etkenler ve dayan?kl?l?k [Major depression in adolescents: Risk factors, protective factors, and resilience]. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sa?l??? Dergisi, 13(2), 87–93.
Theobald, M. (2021). Self-regulated learning training programs enhance university students’ academic performance, self-regulated learning strategies, and motivation: A meta-analysis. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 66, Article 101976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101976
Thompson, R. B., Corsello, M., McReynolds, S., & Conklin-Powers, B. (2013). A longitudinal study of family socioeconomic status (SES) variables as predictors of socio-emotional resilience among mentored youth. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 21(4), 378–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2013.855864
Tian, L., Han, M., & Huebner, E. S. (2014). Preliminary development of the Adolescent Students’ Basic Psychological Needs at School Scale. Journal of Adolescence, 37(3), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.01.005
Toprak, H. (2014). Ergenlerde mutluluk ve ya?am doyumunun yorday?c?s? olarak psikolojik sa?laml?k ve psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumu [Psychological resilience and psychological need satisfaction as predictors of happiness and life satisfaction in adolescents] [Master’s thesis, Sakarya Üniversitesi]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://search.proquest.com/openview/70a968ad0aafcd5dc803408a93f96852/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y
Toraman, Ç., Sar?gedik, E., Toraman, M. Ç., & Noyan, C. O. (2023). Kurum bak?m?nda kalan ergenlerin psikolojik dayan?kl?l?k, öz yeterlilik ve sosyal duygusal ö?renme becerilerinin de?erlendirilmesi [Evaluation of psychological resilience, self-efficacy, and social-emotional learning skills of adolescents in institutional care]. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 34(1), 169–184.
Turan, S. (2009). Probleme dayal? ö?renmeye ili?kin tutumlar, ö?renme becerileri ve ba?ar? aras?ndaki ili?kiler [Relationships among attitudes toward problem-based learning, learning skills, and achievement] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. https://katalog.hacettepe.edu.tr/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent%3A%24002f%24002fSD_ILS%24002f0%24002fSD_ILS%3A124251/ada?ic=true&ps=300
Turgut, Ö. (2015). Ergenlerin psikolojik sa?laml?k düzeylerinin, önemli ya?am olaylar?, alg?lanan sosyal destek ve okul ba?l?l??? aç?s?ndan incelenmesi [Examining adolescents’ psychological resilience levels in terms of significant life events, perceived social support, and school attachment] [Master’s thesis, Anadolu University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://search.proquest.com/openview/bae88263eb2413c5f9d348f474bded8e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y
Wolfe, R. N., & Johnson, S. D. (1995). Personality as a predictor of college performance. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(2), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055002002
Xu, Q., Wu, J., & Peng, H. (2022). Chinese EFL university students’ self-efficacy for online self-regulated learning: Dynamic features and influencing factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 912970. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.912970
Y?ld?r?m, P. K., Y?ld?r?m, E., Otrar, M., & ?irin, A. (2015). Ergenlerde psikolojik dayan?kl?l?k ile benlik kurgusu aras?ndaki ili?kinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between psychological resilience and self-construal in adolescents]. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk E?itim Fakültesi E?itim Bilimleri Dergisi, 42(42), 277–297.
Y?ld?z, A., & Kahraman, S. (2021). Ortaokul ö?rencilerinde psikolojik dayan?kl?l?k, sosyal duygusal ö?renme becerileri ve ya?am doyumu aras?ndaki ili?ki [The relationship among psychological resilience, social-emotional learning skills, and life satisfaction in middle school students]. Okul Psikolojik Dan??manl??? Dergisi, 4(2), 23–60.
Zhen, R., Liu, R.-D., Ding, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., & Xu, L. (2017). The mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and academic emotions in the relation between basic psychological needs satisfaction and learning engagement among Chinese adolescent students. Learning and Individual Differences, 54, 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.01.017
Zimmerman, B. J. (1990). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2501_2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadezhda Kuldasheva, Perizat Seiitkazy, Karylgash Kazhimova, Venera Yessengaliyeva, Gulzhazira Zhumagaliyeva

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles published by IJLTER are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No-Derivatives 4.0 International License (CCBY-NC-ND4.0).