Exploring Professional Identities and Well-being of Middle Leaders in Early Childhood Education: Gauteng North District
Keywords:
Professional Identity; Well-being; Middle Leaders; Early Childhood EducationAbstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of middle leaders within the selected schools of Gauteng North District, with a particular focus on their professional identities and well-being. The study was conducted in the Gauteng North District, concentrating on the Foundation Phase of three primary schools. The theoretical framework guiding this study incorporates Hettler's Wellness Model, which emphasises health promotion, education, and workplace wellness programmes. The study employed a purposive sampling method to select a population comprising both female and male middle leaders with backgrounds in early childhood education, specifically from semi-rural schools.The analysis utilised a thematic approach, allowing the researcher to identify, analyse, and interpret patterns in the data. The study's findings confirm that middle leaders face stress and burnout due to high job demands and limited resources. As they construct and navigate their professional identities, middle leaders constantly negotiate their roles within complex school environments, significantly affecting their well-being. It is recommended that support systems be enhanced, specifically targeting Foundation Phase teachers, to align resources with job demands and promote the well-being of middle leaders.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.7.18
References
Adams, J. M. (2019). The value of worker wellbeing. Public Health Reports, 134(6), 583–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354919878434
Allababidi, F., & David, S. A. (2024). Investigating the role of school leaders in nurturing middle leaders to enhance their performance: a study among leaders and teachers in private schools in Sharjah. Asia-Pacific Journal of Educational Management Research, 9(1), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.21742/AJEMR.2024.9.1.01
Baxter, J., & Ehren, M. (2023). Factors contributing to and detracting from relational trust in leadership: The case of primary schools in South Africa. Frontiers in Education, 8(1), 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1004575
Chhetri, R. (2021). A literature review on impact of COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631120983481
Clarke, D., & Hollingsworth, H. (2002). Elaborating a model of teacher professional growth. Teaching and teacher education, 18(8).
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-051x(02)00053-7
Connelly, L. M. (2016). Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research. Medsurg Nursing, 25(6), 435-436. https://www.proquest.com/openview/44ffecf38cc6b67451f32f6f96a40c78/
Cope, D. G. (2014). Methods and meanings: credibility and trustworthiness of qualitative research. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41(1), 89-91.
https://doi.10.1188/14.ONF.89-91
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc. https://www.academia.edu/download/55010759/creswell_Qualitative_Inquiry_2nd_edition.pdf.
De Nobile, J. D., Lipscombe, K., Tindall-Ford, S., & Grice, C. (2024). Investigating the roles of middle leaders in New South Wales public schools: Factor analyses of the Middle Leadership Roles Questionnaire. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1(1), 1-25.
https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432241231871
Dlamini, N., Methi, L., Mkhize, T. R., & Chauke, T. A. (2024). Enhancing Professional Growth: Effective Mentorship Strategies in an Open Distance e-Learning Institution. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(11), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.11.3
Dube, B., Mahlomaholo, S., Setlalentoa, W., & Tarman, B. (2023). Creating Sustainable Learning Environments in the Era of the Posthuman: Towards Borderless Curriculum. Journal of Curriculum Studies Research, 5(1), i-x. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcsr.2023.1
Edwards-Groves, C., Grootenboer, P., Tindall-Ford, S., & Attard, C. (2025). Relational coherence in middle leading for school-based professional development. Professional Development in Education, 1(1), 1-15.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2024.2445549
Eisenbach, B. B., & Frydman, J. S. (2024). Integrating mental health literacy in the English language arts middle school classroom. Middle School Journal, 55(3), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2024.2329512
Fernet, C., Lavigne, G. L., Vallerand., R. J., & Austin, S. (2014). Fired up with passion: Investigating how job autonomy and passion predict burnout at career start in teachers. Work and Stress, 28 (3), 270–288.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2014.935524
Ferri, L., & Bonometti, S. (2024). Strengthening Collaboration Among Secondary School Teachers: Insights for Future Training Pathways. Us-China Education Review, 14(9), 587-602.
https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-623x/2024.09.004
Gear, R. C., & Sood, K. K. (2021). School Middle Leaders and Change Management: Do They Need to Be More on the "Balcony" than the Dance Floor? Education Sciences, 11(11), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11110753
Ghamrawi, N., Abu-Tineh, A., Shal, T., Al-Shaboul, Y. M., & Sellami, A. (2024). Illuminating the Obscure: Teacher Leaders Confronting the Adverse Impact of Their Subject Leaders/Coordinators. The Educational Forum, 89(1), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2024.2312298
Gibbs, L. (2024). Cultivating Leadership in Early Childhood Education and Care: Trouble, Complexity and Promise. Taylor & Francis.
a. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003277590
Govender, M. (2023). The experiences of frontline registered professional nurses during the covid-19 pandemic in a public hospital in the uMgungundlovu Health District of Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. [Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University].
https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/a395ff0b-7a35-4acc-aa39-7ce96aecfc9a
Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. Denzin, & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 163–194), Sage. http://miguelangelmartinez.net/IMG/pdf/1994_Guba_Lincoln_Paradigms_Quali_Research_chapter.pdf
Hegseth, W. M., Lowenhaupt, R., Oliveira, G., Bruhn, S., & Lai, B. (2025). Toward a Framework for Educational Leadership for Well-being. Journal of Ethical Educational Leadership, 8(1), 53-78. https://jecel.scholasticahq.com/article/124890.pdf
Hettler, B. (1984). Wellness: Encouraging a lifetime pursuit of excellence. Health Values, 8(4), 13–17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10267293/
Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 107(38), 16489-16493. https://doi/10.1073/pnas.1011492107
Karakus, M., Toprak, M., & Chen, J. (2024). Demystifying the impact of educational leadership on teachers’ subjective well-being: A bibliometric analysis and literature review. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432241242629
Leithwood, K., & Jing, S. (2022). Transformational School Leadership for Improving Teacher and Student Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Educational Administration Quarterly, 58(1), 3–42. https://doi.org/10.xxxx
Lipscombe, K., Tindall-Ford, S., & Lamanna, J. (2023). School middle leadership: A systematic review. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 51(2), 270-288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220983328
Mahlangu, V.P. (2021). Betrayal Trauma Theory: Implications for Higher Education Leadership in Africa. In K. S. Adeyemo (Ed.), The Education Systems of Africa, Global Education Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43042-9-52-1
Montecinos, C. (2025). The Work of Head of Department as a Middle Leader in Secondary Schools in Chile. In A. Harris, & M. Jones (Eds.), Understanding Teacher Leadership in Educational Change (pp. 139-161). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032712574-11
Mthembu, M. D. K., & Chummun, B.Z (2022). Exploring school leadership challenges of ‘presencing’to the creation of societal value and nation building in South Africa. Gender and Behaviour, 20(3), 19620-19637. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-genbeh_v20_n3_a4
Mthembu, M. P. (2024). Challenges Experienced by Special Education and Learning Support Educators During the COVID-19 Pandemic. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria, South Africa]. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/97222
Ndlovu, J. (2024). Examining the mental health and well-being of tertiary students at Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) in Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 5(6), 4583-4594. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0624.1567
Nkosi, N. H. (2022). Communication Experiences in Learning Environments of Learners with Hearing Impairments. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Johannesburg, South Africa]. https://hdl.handle.net/10210/504332
Nkosi, Z. M. (2023). The experiences of newly qualified social workers' readiness in providing services to families and children in Gauteng province. [Masters thesis, University of Pretoria].
https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/94577/Nkosi_Experiences_2023.pdf?sequence=4
Pillay, J. (2023). Psychological, social, and physical ecologies for child resilience: A South African perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 1(1), 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190297
Pillen, M. T., Den Brok, P.J., & Beijaard, D. (2013). Profiles and change in beginning teachers' professional identity tensions. Teaching and Teacher Education 34(1) 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2013.04.003
Pokhrel, T. R. (2022). Expectations of teachers from teachers professional development program in Nepal. American Journal of Educational Research, 4(2), 190-194.
https:// doi.org/10.12691/education-4-2-6
Schafer, J., & Duignan, P. (2024). Middle Leaders Can Influence What Really Matters in Their Schools. In E. Benson, P. Duignan & B. Watterston (Eds.), Middle Leadership in Schools: Ideas and Strategies for Navigating the Muddy Waters of Leading from the Middle (pp. 43-62). Emerald Publishing Limited.
https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-082-320241004
Sibuyi, N. A., Segooa, M. Y., Molise, H. V., Modiba, N. S., & Mafumo, T. (2024). Investigation into the Challenges Experienced by School Management Teams (SMTs) Post-Pandemic in Rural High Schools in the Mopani-West Education District. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 9(2), 109-132.
https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2024.28
Smith, A. H., Grupp, L. L., Doukopoulos, L., Foo, J. C., Rodriguez, B. J., Seeley, J., Boland, L. M., & Hester, L. L. (2022). Taking teaching and learning seriously: Approaching wicked consciousness through collaboration and partnership. Journal of Educational Development, 41(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3998/tia.453
Stone, P., & Stone, R. (2024). Professional development leadership: the importance of middle leaders. Professional development in education, 1(1), 1-15.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2024.2383442
Suarez, V., & McGrath, J. (2022). Teacher professional identity: How to develop and support it in times of change. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b19f5af7
Thien, L. M., Uthai, M., & Yeap, S. B. (2024). Does middle leaders’ learning-centered leadership matter in promoting teacher professional learning? A partial least squares analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 52(4), 854–877. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221115522
Williams, T. M., & Burgess, W. K. (2025). Advancing Middle Level Leadership: Middle School Principal Preparation Programs and Approaches to Leadership. Education Sciences, 15(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15010062
Zamiri, R. (2024). Iran’s Survival Mode: Navigating Repression, Deterrence, & Protest Movements. [Doctoral dissertation, San Francisco State University]. https://doi.org/10.46569/3n204625d
Zulfiqar, A., Bilal, M., & Iqbl, M. N. (2025). Identification of factors affecting the quality of education in rural area’s elementary schools. Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review, 3(1), 13-23.
https://contemporaryjournal.com/index.php/14/article/view/216
Zulu, F. B. (2024). Enhancing the quality of online teaching and learning of a research module through the community of inquiry framework. South African Journal of Education, 44(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v44n4a2558
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mokgaetsi Prudence Maloka

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles published by IJLTER are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No-Derivatives 4.0 International License (CCBY-NC-ND4.0).