Technological Convergence in African Higher Education: Insights from Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis
Keywords:
Digital Technology; Digital Transformation; Higher Education; Quality Education; Sustainable Development Goals; Teaching and LearningAbstract
The massive influx and proliferation of novel innovative technologies have characterised the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) era. These technologies have significantly revolutionised every sector, especially the education sphere in Africa. Prominent among these technologies, such as gamification, virtual reality, robotics, and augmented reality, are transforming the conventional teaching and learning approaches, promoting active learning experiences, and enhancing student engagement. Hence, this paper seeks to identify, analyse, visualise, and map emerging technology convergence research trends for T&L in the African higher education sector. A quantitative method (science mapping) was utilised to analyse the 217 bibliometric datasets (scholarly publication outputs) extracted from the Scopus database from the years 2010 to 2024. It was revealed that South Africa, Nigeria and Ghana are the top contributors to the research on emerging technology convergence for teaching and learning in the African higher education sectors. The results presented the annual publication trends, citations burst, keywords co-occurrence, document sources, cluster analysis, and scientific collaboration network. This study is a valuable addition to the growing educational technology body of knowledge, providing valuable insights for educators and policymakers seeking to leverage the use of ETs effectively. Conclusively, the study showed that adopting ETs can accelerate the achievement of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Four by promoting equitable access to quality education and bridging the digital divide across diverse African communities and regions.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.7.22
References
Adebajo, A. & Landsberg, C. (2003). South Africa and Nigeria as Regional Hegemons. In M. Baregu & C. Landsberg (Ed.), From Cape to Congo: Southern Africa's Evolving Security Challenges (pp. 171-204). Boulder, USA: Lynne Rienner Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781685855215-011
Alam, A., & Mohanty, A. (2023). Educational technology: Exploring the convergence of technology and pedagogy through mobility, interactivity, AI, and learning tools. Cogent Engineering, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2023.2283282
Al-Maroof, R. S., Salloum, S. A., Hassanien, A. E., & Shaalan, K. (2023). Fear from COVID-19 and technology adoption: the impact of Google Meet during Coronavirus pandemic. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(3), 1293-1308. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1830121
Almuqayteeb, T. A. (2025). The Effectiveness of Using GenAI Tools for Developing Digital Learning Resources: Evidence from Educators’ Perceptions. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 24(4), 28-51. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.4.2
Amballoor, R. G., & Naik, S. B. (2023). Digital technologies and education for sustainable development. In Fostering Sustainable Development in the Age of Technologies (pp. 225-237). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-060-120231016
Anozie, U. C., Adewumi, G., Obafunsho, O. E., Toromade, A. S., & Olaluwoye, O. S. (2024). Leveraging advanced technologies in Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) to mitigate healthcare disruptions: A comprehensive review. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 23(1), 1039-1045. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2094
Aparicio, O. M., Ostos, O. L., & García, C. A. (2024). Convergence between emerging technologies and active methodologies in the university. JOTSE, 14(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.2508
Asubiaro, T. V., & Onaolapo, S. (2023). A comparative study of the coverage of African journals in Web of Science, Scopus, and CrossRef. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 74(7), 745-758. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24758
Barakabitze, A. A., Kitindi, E. J., Sanga, C., Shabani, A., Philipo, J., & Kibirige, G. (2015). New technologies for disseminating and communicating agriculture knowledge and information: Challenges for agricultural research institutes in Tanzania. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 70(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2015.tb00502.x
Beardsley, M., Albó, L., Aragón, P., & Hernández?Leo, D. (2021). Emergency education effects on teacher abilities and motivation to use digital technologies. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(4), 1455-1477. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13101
Bhaskar, P., Tiwari, C. K., & Joshi, A. (2021). Blockchain in education management: present and future applications. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 18(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-07-2020-0102
Bijaniaram, R., Tehrani, M., Noori, R., & Pak, J. (2024). What does it take for organisations to adopt massive open online courses (MOOCs)? A fuzzy DANP analysis. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 1499-1534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01178-z
Bond, M., Zawacki?Richter, O., & Nichols, M. (2019). Revisiting five decades of educational technology research: A content and authorship analysis of the British Journal of Educational Technology. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(1), 12-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12730
Brozovsky, J., Labonnote, N., & Vigren, O. (2024). Digital technologies in architecture, engineering, and construction. Automation in Construction, 158, 105212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105212
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.
Bulfin, S., Pangrazio, L., & Selwyn, N. (2014). Making ‘MOOCs’: The construction of a new digital higher education within news media discourse. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 15(5), 290-305. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v15i5.1856
Chatterton, P., & Goddard, J. (2000). The response of higher education institutions to regional needs. European Journal of Education, 35(4), 475-496. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1503633
Chen, X., Zou, D., & Xie, H. (2020). Fifty years of British Journal of Educational Technology: A topic modeling based bibliometric perspective. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(3), 692-708. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12907
Cordeiro, J. L. (2021). Technological Convergence: From Biological Evolution to Technological Evolution. In Technological Breakthroughs and Future Business Opportunities in Education, Health, and Outer Space (pp. 23-41). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6772-2.ch002
Corrin, L., Thompson, K., Hwang, G. J., & Lodge, J. M. (2022). The importance of choosing the right keywords for educational technology publications. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 38(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.8087
Criollo-C, S., Guerrero-Arias, A., Jaramillo-Alcázar, Á., & Luján-Mora, S. (2021). Mobile learning technologies for education: Benefits and pending issues. Applied Sciences, 11(9), 4111. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094111
Darko, A., Chan, A. P., Adabre, M. A., Edwards, D. J., Hosseini, M. R., & Ameyaw, E. E. (2020). Artificial intelligence in the AEC industry: Scientometric analysis and visualisation of research activities. Automation in Construction, 112, 103081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103081
Ebegbulem, J. C. (2013). An evaluation of Nigeria–South Africa bilateral relations. Journal of International Relations and Foreign Policy, 1(1), 32-40.
Elmqaddem, N. (2019). Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Education. Myth or Reality? International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 14(03), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i03.9289
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004
Hamal, O., El Faddouli, N. E., Harouni, M. H. A., & Lu, J. (2022). Artificial intelligent in education. Sustainability, 14(5), 2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052862
Hughes, G. T., Camomilla, V., Vanwanseele, B., Harrison, A. J., Fong, D. T., & Bradshaw, E. J. (2024). Novel technology in sports biomechanics: Some words of caution. Sports Biomechanics, 23(4), 393-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2020.1869453
Kljun, M., Geroimenko, V., ?opi? Pucihar, K. (2020). Augmented Reality in Education: Current Status and Advancement of the Field. In: Geroimenko, V. (eds) Augmented Reality in Education. Springer Series on Cultural Computing. Springer, Cham.
Lashitew, A. A. (2023). When businesses go digital: The role of CEO attributes in technology adoption and utilisation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 189, 122324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122324
Lee, H., & Hwang, Y. (2022). Technology-enhanced education through VR-making and metaverse-linking to foster teacher readiness and sustainable learning. Sustainability, 14(8), 4786. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084786
Lexman, R. R., & Baral, R. (2024). Digital twins in MOOCs: exploring ways to enhance interactivity. Development and Learning in Organisations, 38(4), 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLO-04-2023-0091
Locock, K. E., Terhorst, A., King, S., & Scroggie, K. R. (2025). Disruptive technologies that deliver a circular economy for plastics. Next Sustainability, 6, 100098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100098
Makhdoom, N., Khoshhal, K. I., Algaidi, S., Heissam, K., & Zolaly, M. A. (2013). ‘Blended learning’ as an effective teaching and learning strategy in clinical medicine: a comparative cross-sectional university-based study. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 8(1), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2013.01.002
Maral, M. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of global research on education in the Scopus database, 2013–2022. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-01-2024-0039
Martín, S., Lopez-Martin, E., Moreno-Pulido, A., Meier, R., & Castro, M. (2021). The future of educational technologies for engineering education. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 14(5), 613-623. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2021.3120771
Medias, F., Rosari, R., Susamto, A. A., & Ab Rahman, A. B. (2024). A bibliometric analysis on innovation in philanthropy research: a study based on Scopus database. International Journal of Innovation Science, 16(4), 748-771. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-08-2022-0139
Mhlanga, D., Denhere, V., & Moloi, T. (2022). COVID-19 and the key digital transformation lessons for higher education institutions in South Africa. Education Sciences, 12(7), 464. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12070464
Mhlongo, S., Mbatha, K., Ramatsetse, B., & Dlamini, R. (2023). Challenges, opportunities, and prospects of adopting and using smart digital technologies in learning environments: An iterative review. Heliyon, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16348
Mishra, M., Sudarsan, D., Santos, C. A. G., Mishra, S. K., Kar, D., Baral, K., & Pattnaik, N. (2021). An overview of research on natural resources and indigenous communities: a bibliometric analysis based on Scopus database (1979–2020). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(2), 59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08793-2
Mishrif, A., & Khan, A. (2023). Technology adoption as survival strategy for small and medium enterprises during COVID-19. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00317-9
Mohd Ashril, N. A. N., Chee, K. N., Yahaya, N., & Abdul Razak, R. (2024). Barriers, Strategies and Accessibility: Enhancing Engagement and Retention of Learners with Disabilities in MOOCs–A Systematic Literature Review (SLR). International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2414892
Nel, L. (2017). Students as collaborators in creating meaningful learning experiences in technology?enhanced classrooms: An engaged scholarship approach. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(5), 1131-1142. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12549
Ng'ambi, D. (2013). Effective and ineffective uses of emerging technologies: Towards a transformative pedagogical model. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(4), 652-661. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12053
Oguntona, O. A. (2024b). Evaluation of global research on greenwashing by scientometric indicators. In Sustainability and Toxicity of Building Materials (pp. 59-79). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-98336-5.00004-2
Oguntona, O. A., Aigbavboa, C. O., & Thwala, W. D. (2021). A scientometric analysis and visualisation of green building research in Africa. Journal of Green Building, 16(2), 83-86. https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.2.83
Oguntona, O.A. (2024a). Mapping the Dynamics of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. In: Abubakar, I.R., da Silva, I., Pretorius, R., Tarabieh, K. (eds) SDGs in Africa and the Middle East Region. Implementing the UN Sustainable Development Goals – Regional Perspectives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17465-0_95
Olawumi, T. O., & Chan, D. W. (2018). A scientometric review of global research on sustainability and sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 231–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.162
Ouf, S., Nasr, M., & Helmy, Y. (2010). An enhanced e-learning ecosystem based on an integration between cloud computing and Web 2.0. In The 10th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), 48-55 IEEE.
Ram, S., Paul Anbu K, J., & Kataria, S. (2011). Responding to user's expectation in the library: innovative Web 2.0 applications at JUIT Library: A case study. Program, 45(4), 452-469. https://doi.org/10.1108/00330331111182120
Richardson, J. T. (2013). Students' Approaches to Learning and Teachers' Approaches to Teaching in Higher Education. In Developments in Educational Psychology (pp. 102-109). Routledge.
Rohwer, A., Young, T., & Van Schalkwyk, S. (2013). Effective or just practical? An evaluation of an online postgraduate module on evidence-based medicine (EBM). BMC Medical Education, 13, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-77
Rossouw, D., & Goldman, G. A. (2023). Technology and collaboration as strategic drivers shaping higher education. Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 19(1), 1-10. https://journals.co.za/doi/full/10.4102/td.v19i1.1307
Samala, A. D., Rawas, S., Criollo-C, S., Bojic, L., Prasetya, F., Ranuharja, F., & Marta, R. (2024). Emerging technologies for global education: A comprehensive exploration of trends, innovations, challenges, and future horizons. SN Computer Science, 5(8), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-024-03538-1
Sánchez-García, E., Martínez-Falcó, J., Marco-Lajara, B., & Manresa-Marhuenda, E. (2024). Revolutionising the circular economy through new technologies: A new era of sustainable progress. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 33, 103509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103509
Scimago Lab (2025). British Journal of Educational Technology. Available online: https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=23988&tip=sid&clean=0 (accessed on 26 March 2025)
Sinclair, N., Bussi, M. G. B., de Villiers, M., Jones, K., Koretenkamp, U., Leung, A., & Owens, K. (2016). Recent research on geometry education: An ICME-13 survey team report. ZDM-International Journal on Mathematics Education, 48(5), 691-719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-016-0796-6
Singh, V. K., Singh, P., Karmakar, M., Leta, J., & Mayr, P. (2021). The journal coverage of Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions: A comparative analysis. Scientometrics, 126, 5113-5142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-03948-5
Sinha, K. K. (2024). Implementation of MOOCs: Approaching challenges and prospects of Indian higher education. The Online Journal of Distance Education and e-Learning, 12(1), 9. https://tojdel.net/journals/tojdel/articles/v12i01/v12i01-02.pdf
Tahamtan, I., Safipour Afshar, A., & Ahamdzadeh, K. (2016). Factors affecting number of citations: a comprehensive review of the literature. Scientometrics, 107, 1195-1225.
Talafha, W. F., & Bataineh, R. F. (2025). Breaking barriers: assistive technology for visually impaired EFL educators. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 24(4), 813-829. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.4.38
Times Higher Education (2025). World University Rankings. Available online: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/latest/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/EGY+GHA+MAR+NGA+ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/scores (accessed on 26 March 2025)
Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., ... & Ioannou, A. (2023). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools' digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 28(6), 6695-6726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8
Turugare, M., & Rudhumbu, N. (2020). Integrating technology in teaching and learning in universities in Lesotho: Opportunities and challenges. Education and Information Technologies, 25(5), 3593-3612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-10093-3
Uwizeye, D., Karimi, F., Thiong'o, C., Syonguvi, J., Ochieng, V., Kiroro, F., ... & Wao, H. (2022). Factors associated with research productivity in higher education institutions in Africa: a systematic review. AAS Open Research, 4, 26. https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13211.2
Vivian, R., Falkner, K., & Falkner, N. (2014). Addressing the challenges of a new digital technologies curriculum: MOOCs as a scalable solution for teacher professional development. Research in Learning Technology, 22. https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v22.24691
Wuni, I. Y., Shen, G. Q., & Osei-Kyei, R. (2019). Scientometric review of global research trends on green buildings in construction journals from 1992 to 2018. Energy and Buildings, 190, 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.02.010
Zavale, N. C., & Schneijderberg, C. (2022). Mapping the field of research on African higher education: A review of 6483 publications from 1980 to 2019. Higher Education, 83(1), 199-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00649-5
Zhang, D., Xu, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., He, S., & Zhou, X. (2020). Study on sustainable urbanisation literature based on Web of Science, Scopus, and China national knowledge infrastructure: A scientometric analysis in CiteSpace. Journal of Cleaner Production, 121537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121537
Zhang, K., & Aslan, A. B. (2021). AI technologies for education: Recent research & future directions. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100025
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Olusegun Aanuoluwapo Oguntona, Ifije Ohiomah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles published by IJLTER are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No-Derivatives 4.0 International License (CCBY-NC-ND4.0).